UNIT 1 : PARTS OF SPEECH in GENERAL

What is Part of Speech?

The English language has thousands of words and every word has some function to perform. Some words are there to show action, some to join, and some to name something. There are 8 different parts of speech including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunction, and interjection. And together, all the functions performed by words in the English language fall under Parts of speech. 

Ø  Verbs             - be, have, do, work

Ø  Nouns             - man, town, music

Ø  Adjectives     - a, the, 69, big

Ø  Adverbs         - loudly, well, often

Ø  Pronouns       - you, ours, some

Ø  Prepositions   - at, in, on, from

Ø  Conjunctions - and, but, though

Ø  Interjections - ah, dear, er, um

Parts of Speech	Definition	Examples
Noun	A word used to identify any of a class of people, places, or things, or to name a particular one of these	dog, city, love
Pronoun	A word that is used in place of a noun	I, you, he, she, it, we, they
Verb	A word used to describe an action, occurrence, or state of being	run, be, have, do, take
Adjective	A word that describes a noun or pronoun	blue, happy, tall, friendly
Adverb	A word used to describe a verb, adjective, or other adverb	quickly, well, very, here
Conjunction	A word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause	and, but, or, yet, so
Preposition	A word used to show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence	in, on, at, with, by
Interjection	A word or phrase used to express strong emotion	oh, wow, ouch, hurray

EXAMPLE :

VIDEO IN TAMIL :

LINK : https://youtu.be/6tTMBgMY8Os?si=w-QbfoMWmCFt1iwo

 VIDEO IN ENGLISH :

LINK : https://youtu.be/0l69KEx7GQo?si=QpS5k36gz55UG_Nr

POEM : A RIVER by A K RAMANUJAN

 UNIT - II [CREATIVE ENGLISH]

THORY PART

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

ATTIPATE KRISHNASWAMI RAMANUJAN

Born: 16 March 1929, Mysuru

Died: 13 July 1993 (age 64 years), Chicago, Illinois, United States

Discipline : Dravidian linguistics and Indian literature; English poetry

Notable works : The Striders (1966), Second Sight

Notable Award: MacArthur Fellowship, Sahitya Akademi Award & Padma Shree

THEME OF THE POEM

‘A River’ by A.K. Ramanujan describes how poets of the past and present have romanticized a river in Madurai. The poem begins with the speaker stating that every year, every poet sings the same songs about the sometimes flooding, and sometimes empty riverbed. When it is empty, all its hidden items are exposed. The poets have always sung about this period and the other in which the flood happens. But, they don’t get into the details of who is impacted.

In the next stanzas, the speaker relays the words of the citizens of this area as they describe what happened this year. Houses were washed away, as were two cows and a woman who thought she was pregnant with twins. The speaker derides the old and new poets for not caring enough to look deeper into their environments.

POEM SUMMARY VIDEO IN TAMIL

LINK : https://youtu.be/NiK5VBjARaQ?si=GdNP8Ac0oRpuOCmi

POEM SUMMARY VIDEO IN ENGLISH 

LINK: https://youtu.be/O2lw7yCP-AE?si=g2_DhDCcjXBSLNaw

POEM : NIGHT OF THE SCORPION by NISSIM EZEKIEL

 UNIT - I    [EXPRESSIVE ENGLISH]

THEORY PART

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Born: 16 December 1924, Mumbai

Died: 9 January 2004 (age 79 years), Mumbai

Awards: Padma Shri

Parents: Moses Ezekiel

Genre: Modern Indian English Poetry

Notable work: Night of the Scorpion; Latter Day Psalms

THEME OF THE POEM

The Poem recalls an incident that happened in the downpour. It threw up three perspectives from the case: the natives, the father, and the mother.

The night has witnessed a continuous ten-hour rain, and a scorpion has sneaked into the Poet's home to shelter from the brutal rain. The scorpion hid beneath the sack of rice. Sadly, the scorpion had come into the touch with the Poet's mother. Therefore, it bits his Poet's mother and left home.

The natives came to know about the incident and left for the Poet's home immediately. When they witnessed his mother's pain, they repeated the names of the god in a low voice. They tried to search for the scorpion, but the effort went in vain. They thought that if the scorpion moved, the poison would spread faster in the body. Their opinion slightly moves and begins to say that pain will assist the Poem in cleaning his sins of the previous birth. Hindu philosophy says that a person travels through birth and death. They also believed that poison would cleanse her ambition and desire. 

The Poet's father seems irrational and scientific; The Poem uses a specific term to describe him "skeptic rationalist." He applied paraffin (it may be concluded this may be done out of desperation) and used herbs and a mixture of different ingredients.

Those were beliefs not backed by logic and reason. Frequent repetition of chants of religious mantras also suggests limited access to health care and poor medical awareness.

What touched someone' heart and might have surprised all the readers would have been the mother's perspective. It was an interesting one. Even in the excruciating pain, she thought of her family and children.

POEM : SUMMARY VIDEO IN TAMIL

LINK : https://youtu.be/aiv57HBFpz4?si=cNa2iMoztagvvM-q

POEM : SUMMARY VIDEO IN ENGLISH

LINK : https://youtu.be/YuAMtfQZ714?si=uYv-_d4ZZ9-cG6l9

UNIT 2 : WRITING SKILLS - REARRANGING JUMBLED SENTENCE

REARRANGING JUMBLED SENTENCE

    Sentence Rearrangement is one of the essential topics in English grammar. This article will discuss it in-depth and solve jumbled words, changing them into meaningful sentences. The term “sentence rearrangement” refers to the orderly and sensible arrangement of scrambled sentences. It is made up of a series of scrambled sentences that must be reassembled in order to make sense. It may appear simple, but it might get difficult. This is when we must use vocabulary and context to choose the most appropriate response. To understand how to start and conclude a sentence, which word comes first or last, and how to connect two words and sentences.

Arrange the words in the correct order to form meaningful sentences.

1. dog / Rahul / with / his / pet / playing / enjoys.

2. to / the / company / goods / Vietnam / exports.

3. she / interested / that / was / in / proposal / said / she / the.

4. was / performance / impressed / with / quite / his / I.

5. the / please / not / do / on / grass / step.

 Answer :

1. Rahul enjoys playing with his pet dog.

2. The company exports goods to Vietnam.

3. She said that she was interested in the proposal.

4. I was quite impressed with his performance.

5. Please do not step on the grass.

WATCH THE VIDEO AND TRY THE ANSWER YOUR OWN.

VIDEO LINK : https://youtu.be/--RjWZV4RVE?si=eT9Bn_wAT9Z28d4M